Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV16)
Publication date: 28th March 2016
Organometallic halide perovskite are extremely promising novel materials for thin-film photovoltaics, exhibiting efficiencies of over 22%. [1] One of the main challenges in the industrial development of this novel technology is the upscaling of the deposition of the constitutive layers of perovskite solar cells.
In order to establish a high-throughput roll-to-roll (R2R) production, the first step is to define a sheet-to-sheet (S2S) process which uses up-scalable techniques. For the solution processed layers, such as the perovskite layer, the introduction of slot-die coating can ease the transfer from S2S to R2R production compared to spin-coating, since slot-die coating is suitable with both kind of production approach. Furthermore, if the perovskite needs to be used in a tandem configuration with silicon solar cells, a silicon wafer-sized S2S production will be required.
In this work, the fabrication of perovskite solar cells was up-scaled from 30x30 mm2 to 152x152 mm2 (6-inch plate) by means of e-beam deposition of the n-selective contact (TiO2)[2] and by slot die coating the perovskite and the p-selective contact (Spiro-OMeTAD). All the layers are processed at low temperature and thus such processing steps can be later on transferred to foil-based substrate for R2R.
The performance of the slot-die coated devices were in par with the one made with spin coating over 30x30 mm2 substrates, obtaining stabilized efficiency higher than 14% for both (while the PCE of a reverse scan can go up to 17-18%). Moreover device efficiencies are uniform over the 6-inch plate, meaning that the coating and crystallization of the perovskite layer are successfully controlled over such area.
[1] NREL PV efficiencies chart,http://www.nrel.gov/ncpv/ accessed March 2016
[2] Qiu, W. et al. Pinhole-free perovskite films for efficient solar modules. Energy Environ. Sci. (2016). doi:10.1039/C5EE03703D
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